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Abstract
Fatty acid profile using Sherlock system is a technique in which unique fatty acid is matched with Sherlock micro-organism library. In the current investigation, the bacterial species degrading 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D) were isolated from soil and monitored for their ability to degrade herbicide. These species were cultivated on Bushnell Hass Agar (BHA) and Bushnell Hass Broth (BHB) with increasing concentration of 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D) as a sole carbon source. The growth of organisms and percentage degradation of 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D) was studied by turbidometric method. In the given study, by using FAME based analysis system, two species were obtained which degrade herbicides and they were confirmed on the basis of fatty acid profile as Escherichia coli and Citrobacter koseri. Hence from the current investigation one may conclude that, these two species can be used in the field for purpose of bioremediation in near future.
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References
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- Craig Kunitsky, Gerard Osterhout and Myron Sasser,2007MIDI, Inc.Newark, DE, USA, Identification of microorganisms using Fatty acid Methyl Ester (FAME) analysis and the MIDI Sherlock Microbial Identification System.
- Diwght D. Lingenfelter, 1998agronomy extension associate in weed science ,and Nathan L. Hartwig 2009 , professor emeritus of weed science .introduction to weeds and herbicides.
- Foster, R. K. and R.B. McKercher, 1973 Labortory incubation studies of chlorophenoxyacetic acids in chernozemic soils. Soil.Biochem.5:333-337. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(73)90081-3
- Hathaway GJ, Proctor NH, Hughes JP, and Fischman ML 1991 Proctor and Hughes’s chemical hazards of the workplace. 3rd Ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold.(http:/www.osha.gov/index.html).
- Hemmett R.B and S. D Faust. 1969. biodegradation kinetics of 2 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid by aquatic microorganisms. Residue rev .29:191-207. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-40395-2_13
- Igbinosa O. Etinosal*,Ajisebutu o. Stella and Okoh I .Anthony,2007 Studies on aerobic biodegradation activities of 2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid by bacteria species isolated from prtroleum polluted site,African Journal of Biotechnology Vol 6 (12)pp.1426-1431.
- Munro,Ian C.,George L.Carlo, Joan C. Orr, Kelly G. Sund, Ross M. Wilson, Elke Kennephol, Barry S. Lynch, Maureen Jablinske and Nora L. Lee 1992“ A Comprehensive, integrated Review and Evaluation of the scientific evidence Relating to the safety of herbicide 2, 4-D.” Journal of the American College of Toxicology.11 (5):560-664. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/10915819209141893
- Mullison, Wendell R. 1987. “Environmental Fate of Phenoxy Herbicides.” In Fate of Pesticides in the Environment. Bigger, James W. and James N. Seiber, Eds. Agricultural Experiments Station, Division of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of California Publication 3320.1987.
- Naylor , R.E.L. 2002 Weed management handbook. Osney Mead, Oxford, UK:Blackwell Science ltd. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470751039
- Tu, 2001. Weed control Methods Handbook, The Nature Conservancy.
- Vencill, W.K. 2001. Hebicides Handbook-8th Ed. Lawrence, KS:Weed Sci. Soc.Am.
- Wilson, R. D., Geronimo, J., and J.A. 1997 2, 4-D dissipation in field soil after application of 2, 4-dimethylamine salt and 2, 4-D 2- ethylhexyl ester. Environ. Toxicol.Chem.16:1239-1246. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620160620
References
Botre , C., Botre F., Mazzei, F., and Podesta, E 2000 .inhibition –based biosensors for the detection of environmental contaminants: determination of 2,4-di dichloro-phenoxy acetic acid .Environ. toxicol. chem. 19 : 2876-2881. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620191204
Bristol, D.W.,Cook,L.W.,Koterba, M.T. & Nelson,D.C. 1982, Determination of free and hydrolysable residue of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenol in potatoes.J.agric.food chem..,30:137-144. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00109a030
Craig Kunitsky, Gerard Osterhout and Myron Sasser,2007MIDI, Inc.Newark, DE, USA, Identification of microorganisms using Fatty acid Methyl Ester (FAME) analysis and the MIDI Sherlock Microbial Identification System.
Diwght D. Lingenfelter, 1998agronomy extension associate in weed science ,and Nathan L. Hartwig 2009 , professor emeritus of weed science .introduction to weeds and herbicides.
Foster, R. K. and R.B. McKercher, 1973 Labortory incubation studies of chlorophenoxyacetic acids in chernozemic soils. Soil.Biochem.5:333-337. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(73)90081-3
Hathaway GJ, Proctor NH, Hughes JP, and Fischman ML 1991 Proctor and Hughes’s chemical hazards of the workplace. 3rd Ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold.(http:/www.osha.gov/index.html).
Hemmett R.B and S. D Faust. 1969. biodegradation kinetics of 2 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid by aquatic microorganisms. Residue rev .29:191-207. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-40395-2_13
Igbinosa O. Etinosal*,Ajisebutu o. Stella and Okoh I .Anthony,2007 Studies on aerobic biodegradation activities of 2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid by bacteria species isolated from prtroleum polluted site,African Journal of Biotechnology Vol 6 (12)pp.1426-1431.
Munro,Ian C.,George L.Carlo, Joan C. Orr, Kelly G. Sund, Ross M. Wilson, Elke Kennephol, Barry S. Lynch, Maureen Jablinske and Nora L. Lee 1992“ A Comprehensive, integrated Review and Evaluation of the scientific evidence Relating to the safety of herbicide 2, 4-D.” Journal of the American College of Toxicology.11 (5):560-664. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/10915819209141893
Mullison, Wendell R. 1987. “Environmental Fate of Phenoxy Herbicides.” In Fate of Pesticides in the Environment. Bigger, James W. and James N. Seiber, Eds. Agricultural Experiments Station, Division of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of California Publication 3320.1987.
Naylor , R.E.L. 2002 Weed management handbook. Osney Mead, Oxford, UK:Blackwell Science ltd. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470751039
Tu, 2001. Weed control Methods Handbook, The Nature Conservancy.
Vencill, W.K. 2001. Hebicides Handbook-8th Ed. Lawrence, KS:Weed Sci. Soc.Am.
Wilson, R. D., Geronimo, J., and J.A. 1997 2, 4-D dissipation in field soil after application of 2, 4-dimethylamine salt and 2, 4-D 2- ethylhexyl ester. Environ. Toxicol.Chem.16:1239-1246. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620160620