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Abstract
Boenninghausenia albiflora belonging to the family Rutaceae is well known for its medicinal properties in traditional system of medicine. The crude ethanolic extracts of aerial part were tested for in-vitro anti-plasmodial activity against two strains of Plasmodium falciparum: MRC-pf-20 (chloroquine resistant strain) and MRC-pf-303 (chloroquine sensitive strain), using the parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) assay. Crude ethanolic extracts showed good anti-plasmodial activity in vitro (IC50 ≤ 50 μgml-1). It showed promising anti-plasmodial activity with an IC50 = 22.18μgml-1 on MRC-pf-20 strain and IC50 = 27.43μgml-1 on MRC-pf-303 strain. Crude ethanolic extracts were be further fractionated by partitioning in water and dichloromethane. The dichloromethane fraction revealed stronger anti-plasmodial activity than crude ethanolic extracts. The dichloromethane extract of B. albiflora showed promising anti-plasmodial activity with an IC50 = 12.32 μgml-1 on MRC-pf-20 strain and IC50 = 17.41 μgml-1 on MRC-pf-303 strain. Therefore, there is need to continue the extensive study including isolation and identification of the active compound and their invitro and invivo activity.
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References
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References
Ali Ramazani, Sedigheh Zakeri, Soroush Sardari, Nastratan Khodakarim and Navid Dinparas Djadit, 2010. Invitro and in vivo anti malarial activity of Boerhavia elegans and Solanum surattense. Malaria Journal, 9: 124. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-9-124
Andrade-Neto VF, Brandao MG, Stehmann JR, Oliveira LA, Krettli , A.U. 2003. Antimalarial activity of Cinchona-like plants used to treat fever and malaria in Brazil. J Ethnopharmacol, 87:253-256. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00141-7
Basco, L.K., Mitaku, S., Skaltsounis, A.L., 1994. In vitro activities of furoquinoline and actridone alkaloids against Plasmodium falciparum. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 38 (5), 1169–1171. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.38.5.1169
Chen, M., Theander, T.G., Christensen, SB., Hviid, L., Zhai, L., Kharazmi, A., 1994. Licochalcone A, A new anti-malarial agent, inhibits in vitro growth of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum and protects mice from Plasmodium yoelii infection. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 38 (7), 1470–1475. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.38.7.1470
Connely, M.P.E., Fabiano, E., Patel, IH.,Kinyanjui, S.M., Mberu, E.K., Watkins, W.M., 1996.Antimalaria activity in crude extracts of Malawian medicinal plants. Annal of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 90 (6), 597–602 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00034983.1996.11813089
Gakunju, D.M.N., Mberu, E.K., Dossaji, S.F., 1995. Potent antimalarial activity of the alkaloid nitidine isolated from a Kenyan herbal remedy. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 39 (12), 2606–2609. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.39.12.2606
Gaur, R.D. 1999. Flora of the District Garhwal North west Himalaya, 1st ed.; Trans Media Publication.
Lambros, C, Vanderberg, J.P. 1979. Synchronization of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic stages in culture. J Parasitol., 65:418-420. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3280287
Makler, M.T., Ries, J.M., Williams, J.A., Bancroft, J.E., Piper, R.C., Gibbins, B.L., Hinrichs, D.J., 1993. Parasite lactate dehydrogenase as an assay for Plasmodium falciparum drug sensitivity. American Journal of Tropical Medicine Hygiene, 48, 738–741. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1993.48.739
Mutabingwa, T.K. 2005. Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs): best hope for malaria treatment but inaccessible to the needy! Acta Trop., 95:305-315. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2005.06.009
O’Neill, M.J., Bray, D.H., Boardman, P., 1986. Plants as sources of antimalarial drugs: in vitro antimalarial activities of some quassinoids. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 30 (1), 101–104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.30.1.101
Peters, W.,1970. Techniques of drug evaluation I: primary screening. In: Chemotherapy and drug resistance in malaria. Academic Press, London.
Peters, W.,1982. Anti-malarialdrug resistance.British Medical Bulletin, 32, 187–192. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071757
Phillipson, J.D., Wright, C.W., 1991. Can ethno-pharmacology contribute to the development of antimalarial agents? Journal of Ethnopharmacology ,32, 155–165. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(91)90113-R
SudhanshuSaxena NP, Jain, D.C., Bhakuni, R.S. 2003. Antimalarial agents from plant sources. Current Science, 85:1314-1329.
Trager W, Jensen, B., 1976. Human malaria parasites in continuous culture. Science, 193:673-675. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.781840
Tran, Q.L., Tezuka, Y., Ueda, J.Y., Nguyen, N.T., Maruyama Y, Begum, K., Kim, H.S., Wataya, Y., Tran, Q.K., Kadota S., 2003, In vitro antiplasmodial activity of antimalarial medicinal plants used in Vietnamese traditional medicine. J Ethnopharmacol, 86:249-252. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00045-X
Wanyoike, G.N., Chhabra, S.C., Lang'at-Thoruwa, C.C., Omar, S.A., 2004. Brine shrimp toxicity and antiplasmodial activity of five Kenyan medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol, 90:129-133. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2003.09.047
Yamaha, J, Miki, S, Murakami, H., Maaatsuda, H., Fujimura, H., 1987. YakugakuZasshi 107: 823. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi1947.107.10_823