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Abstract
Paniyala fish Pond is a multipurpose pond with emphasis on fisheries, irrigation and washing. The present study was conducted to find out the heavy metal concentrations in the fish pond. Water samples were collected on monthly basis from January, 2008 to December, 2008. Concentration of heavy metals (Copper, Nickel, Iron, Lead, Zinc, Aluminium and Arsenic) was analyzed in the pond water by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Significant variations were found between winters (December, January) and wet summer period (July, August, September) for the studied metals. The relative variability followed the order Fe >Zn>Pb>Cu>Ni>Al>As.
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References
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References
Adefemi, S.O., Asaolu, S.S., and Olaofe, O., 2008. Determination of heavy metals in Tilapia mossambicuis fish associated water and sediment from Ureje dam in Southern-Western Nigeria. Res. J.Environ.Sci. 2(2): 151-155. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/rjes.2008.151.155
Adraino, D. C., 2001. Trace elements in terrestrial Environments; Biogeochemistry, Bioavailability and risks of elements. Springer Verlag. pp. 867.
Adriano, D. C., 1986. Trace Elements in the Terrestrial Environment. New York: Springer Verlag. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1907-9
Alloway, B. J. and Ayres, D. C., 1997. Chemical Principles of Environmental Pollution. 2nd. Ed., Ch. 5. Blackie Academic & Professional, London.
APHA, 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste water. 19th Ed, American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C.
Bishop, P. L., 2000. Pollution prevention. Fundamentals and practice. McGraw. Hill, pp. 1-716.
Bowen, H. J. M., 1966. Trace Elements in Biochemistry. New York: Academic Press. pp. 1-241.
Clark, R.B., 1997. Marine pollution. 4th edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp.1-161.
Das, K. K., Das, S. N. and Gupta, S., 2001. The influence of nickel induced hepatic lipid peroxidation on rats, J. Basic Clin. Physiol. Pharmacol., 12, 187-195. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/JBCPP.2001.12.3.187
Gensemer, R.W., and Playle, R.C., 1999. The bioavailability and toxicity of aluminium in aquatic environments. Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. 29, 315–450. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389991259245
IPCS. 1991. Nickel. Geneva, World Health Organization, International Programme on Chemical Safety (Environmental Health Criteria 108).
Iwashita M., Shimamura T., 2003. Long-term variations in dissolved trace elements in the Sagami River and its tributaries (upstream area), Japan, The Science of the Total Environment, 312, 167–179. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00251-1
Langston, R. W., 1989. Toxic effects of metals and incidence of marine ecosystem in Heavy Metals in the Marine Environment (Ed. R. W. Furness and P. S. Rainbow), CRC Press, New York, pp. 128-142.
Lars, Jarup, 2003. Hazards of heavy metal contamination. British Medical Bulletin 68, pp. 167-182. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldg032
MacFarlane, G. R. and M.D. Burchett, 2000. Cellular distribution of copper, lead and zinc in the grey mangrove, Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. Aquat. Bot., 68: 45-59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3770(00)00105-4
Muvanga and Barifaijo, 2006. Impact of industrial activites on heavy metals and physico-chemical effects on wetlands of lake victoris basin (Uganda). Afric. Jour. Sci. and Tec. 7(1): 51-63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/ajst.v7i1.55197
Natalia, Pliesovoska., Karlol, Florian and Orlitova., 1997. Migration forms of heavy metals and their impact on water quality in the Hornad river basin.Acta Montansistica Slovaca. 2: 158-162.
Neville, C.M., 1985. Physiological response of juvenile rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, to acid and aluminum – prediction of field responses from laboratory data. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 42, 2004–2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/f85-248
Pendias, K. A. and Pendias H., 1992. Trace elements in soils and plants, CRC Press , Boca Raton.
Seidl, M, Huang, V. Mouchel, J.M., 1998. Toxicity of combined sewer overflows on river phytoplankton: the role of heavy metals. Environ Pollut , 101:107-116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(98)00008-6
World Health Organization, 2006. Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, excreta and gray water: Wastewater use in agriculture. Volume II. France: pp. 1-222.