Main Article Content
Abstract
Old age is the truth of everyone’s life. In this stage, there are many changes in the life of a person, such as retirement from job, sometime death of spouse, separation from children due to their job or marriage, becoming physically weak etc. Due to these, the aged person goes through many psychological problems.Mindfulness has get attention over the past decades as a way to increase wellbeing. It can be helpful for old age life. The present study is an attempt to investigate the effect of mindfulness on depression among aged people. For this study, sample of 100 aged people in the age range on 60 to 80 years were included through purposive sampling technique from district Haridwar. The five facet mindfulness scale (Baer et al., 2004) and depression scale (Karim and Tiwari, 1986) were used to measure variables.The level of mindfulness and depression was found to be lower in old age people living in old age home than in old age people living with family.Mindfulness has been seen to have a positive effect on depression.
Keywords
Old age
Older adults
Mindfulness
Depression
Article Details
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Copyright (c) 2019 (C) ASEA
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Verma, . U. P. ., & Kumar, . A. . (2019). Study of mindfulness and depression in old age people. Environment Conservation Journal, 20(SE), 93–96. https://doi.org/10.36953/ECJSE.2019.02018
References
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Baer, R.A., Smith, G.T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J. and Toney, L. 2006.Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13: 27-45.
Bruce, M.L., Seeman, T., Merrill, S.S. and Blazer, D.G. 1994. The impact of depressive symptomatology on physical disability: MacArthur Studies of successful aging. American Journal of Public Health, 84:1796–1799.
Elliot, A.J., Gallegos, A.M., Moynihan, J.A. and Chapman, B.P. 2018. Associations of mindfulness with depressive symptoms and well-being in older adults: the moderating role of neuroticism, Aging & Mental Health, DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2017.1423027
Fiocco, A.J. and Meisner, B.A. 2018. Mindful aging: The association between trait mindfulness and expectations regarding aging among middle-aged and older adults. Aging & Mental Health, DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2018.1544216
Foulk, M.A., Dayton, B.I., Kavanagh, J., Robinson, E. and Kales, H.C. 2014. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy With Older Adults: An Exploratory Study. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 57:5, https://doi.org/10.1080/01634372.2013.869787
Frias, C.M.D. and Whyne, E. 2015. Stress on health-related quality of life in older adults: the protective nature of mindfulness. Aging & Mental Health, 19(3): 201-206, DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2014.924090
Goswami, S. 2015.The ugly truth about old age in India. TheHindu,https://www.thehindu.com
Huang, C.Q., Dong, B.R., Lu, Z.C., Yue, J.R. and Liu, Q.X. 2010. Chronic diseases and risk for depression in old age: A meta-analysis of published literature. Ageing Research Reviews, 9(2), ISSN 1568-1637.
Kabat-Zinn, J. 2003. Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10: 144–156.
Kabat-Zinn, J. 2005. Coming to Our Senses: Healing Ourselves and the World through Mindfulness. Hyperion, New York.
Karim, S. and Tiwari, R. 1986. Manual for Depression scale. Agra Psychological Research Cell, Agra,: 1-10.
Kennedy, G.J. 1996. The epidemiology of late-life depression. In: Kennedy G. J, editor. Suicide and depression in late life: Critical issues in treatment, research and public policy. New York: John Wiley and Sons; 23–37.
Penninx, B.W., Guralnik, J.M., Ferrucci, L., Simonsick, E.M., Deeg, D.J. and Wallace, R.B. 1998. Depressive symptoms and physical decline in community-dwelling older persons. Journal of the American Medical Association, 127:1720–1726.
Prakash, R.S., Whitmoyer, P., Aldao, A. and Schirda, B. 2017.Mindfulness and emotion regulation in older and young adults. Aging & Mental Health, 21(1): 77-87, DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2015.1100158
Prince, M.J., Harwood, R.H., Blizard, R.A., Thomas, A. and Mann, A.H. 1997. Social support deficits, loneliness and life events as risk factors for depression in old age.The Gospel Oak Project VI. Psychological Medicine, 27(2).
Shorey, R.C., Brasfield, H., Anderson, S. and Stuart, G.L. 2014. Mindfulness deficits in a sample of substance abuse treatment seeking adults: a descriptive investigation. Journal of Substance Use, 19:1-2, https://doi.org/10.3109/14659891.2013.770570
Singh, A. and Misra, N. 2009. Loneliness, depression and sociability in old age. Industrial psychiatry journal, 18(1): 51–55. doi:10.4103/0972-6748.57861
Snowdon, J. 2001. Is Depression More Prevalent in Old Age? Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 35(6): 782–787.
Speck, C.E., Kukull, W.A., Brenner, D.E., Bowen, J.D., McCormick, W.C., Teri, W.C., Pfanschmidt, M.L., Thompson, J.D. and Larson, E.B. 1995. History of depression as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. Epidemiology,6: 366–369.
Stek, M.L.,Vinkers, D.J.,Gussekloo, J.,Beekman, A.T.F., Van der Mast, R.C. and Westendorp, R.G.J. 2005. Is Depression in Old Age Fatal Only When People Feel Lonely? American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(1): 178-180.
Stevens, H.H., Singer, J. and Chong, A. 2018. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy with Older Adults: A Qualitative Review of Randomized Controlled Outcome Research. Clinical Gerontologist, https://doi.org/10.1080/07317115.2018.1518282
Thanissaro, B. 1996. Wings to awakening: an anthology from the Pali Canon. Barre.Dhamma Dana Publications.
Wulsin, L.R., Vaillant, G.E. and Wells, V.E. 1999. A systematic review of the mortality of depression. Psychosomatic Medicine, 161: 6–17.
References
Baer, R.A., Smith, G.T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J. and Toney, L. 2006.Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13: 27-45.
Bruce, M.L., Seeman, T., Merrill, S.S. and Blazer, D.G. 1994. The impact of depressive symptomatology on physical disability: MacArthur Studies of successful aging. American Journal of Public Health, 84:1796–1799.
Elliot, A.J., Gallegos, A.M., Moynihan, J.A. and Chapman, B.P. 2018. Associations of mindfulness with depressive symptoms and well-being in older adults: the moderating role of neuroticism, Aging & Mental Health, DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2017.1423027
Fiocco, A.J. and Meisner, B.A. 2018. Mindful aging: The association between trait mindfulness and expectations regarding aging among middle-aged and older adults. Aging & Mental Health, DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2018.1544216
Foulk, M.A., Dayton, B.I., Kavanagh, J., Robinson, E. and Kales, H.C. 2014. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy With Older Adults: An Exploratory Study. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 57:5, https://doi.org/10.1080/01634372.2013.869787
Frias, C.M.D. and Whyne, E. 2015. Stress on health-related quality of life in older adults: the protective nature of mindfulness. Aging & Mental Health, 19(3): 201-206, DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2014.924090
Goswami, S. 2015.The ugly truth about old age in India. TheHindu,https://www.thehindu.com
Huang, C.Q., Dong, B.R., Lu, Z.C., Yue, J.R. and Liu, Q.X. 2010. Chronic diseases and risk for depression in old age: A meta-analysis of published literature. Ageing Research Reviews, 9(2), ISSN 1568-1637.
Kabat-Zinn, J. 2003. Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10: 144–156.
Kabat-Zinn, J. 2005. Coming to Our Senses: Healing Ourselves and the World through Mindfulness. Hyperion, New York.
Karim, S. and Tiwari, R. 1986. Manual for Depression scale. Agra Psychological Research Cell, Agra,: 1-10.
Kennedy, G.J. 1996. The epidemiology of late-life depression. In: Kennedy G. J, editor. Suicide and depression in late life: Critical issues in treatment, research and public policy. New York: John Wiley and Sons; 23–37.
Penninx, B.W., Guralnik, J.M., Ferrucci, L., Simonsick, E.M., Deeg, D.J. and Wallace, R.B. 1998. Depressive symptoms and physical decline in community-dwelling older persons. Journal of the American Medical Association, 127:1720–1726.
Prakash, R.S., Whitmoyer, P., Aldao, A. and Schirda, B. 2017.Mindfulness and emotion regulation in older and young adults. Aging & Mental Health, 21(1): 77-87, DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2015.1100158
Prince, M.J., Harwood, R.H., Blizard, R.A., Thomas, A. and Mann, A.H. 1997. Social support deficits, loneliness and life events as risk factors for depression in old age.The Gospel Oak Project VI. Psychological Medicine, 27(2).
Shorey, R.C., Brasfield, H., Anderson, S. and Stuart, G.L. 2014. Mindfulness deficits in a sample of substance abuse treatment seeking adults: a descriptive investigation. Journal of Substance Use, 19:1-2, https://doi.org/10.3109/14659891.2013.770570
Singh, A. and Misra, N. 2009. Loneliness, depression and sociability in old age. Industrial psychiatry journal, 18(1): 51–55. doi:10.4103/0972-6748.57861
Snowdon, J. 2001. Is Depression More Prevalent in Old Age? Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 35(6): 782–787.
Speck, C.E., Kukull, W.A., Brenner, D.E., Bowen, J.D., McCormick, W.C., Teri, W.C., Pfanschmidt, M.L., Thompson, J.D. and Larson, E.B. 1995. History of depression as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. Epidemiology,6: 366–369.
Stek, M.L.,Vinkers, D.J.,Gussekloo, J.,Beekman, A.T.F., Van der Mast, R.C. and Westendorp, R.G.J. 2005. Is Depression in Old Age Fatal Only When People Feel Lonely? American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(1): 178-180.
Stevens, H.H., Singer, J. and Chong, A. 2018. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy with Older Adults: A Qualitative Review of Randomized Controlled Outcome Research. Clinical Gerontologist, https://doi.org/10.1080/07317115.2018.1518282
Thanissaro, B. 1996. Wings to awakening: an anthology from the Pali Canon. Barre.Dhamma Dana Publications.
Wulsin, L.R., Vaillant, G.E. and Wells, V.E. 1999. A systematic review of the mortality of depression. Psychosomatic Medicine, 161: 6–17.
Bruce, M.L., Seeman, T., Merrill, S.S. and Blazer, D.G. 1994. The impact of depressive symptomatology on physical disability: MacArthur Studies of successful aging. American Journal of Public Health, 84:1796–1799.
Elliot, A.J., Gallegos, A.M., Moynihan, J.A. and Chapman, B.P. 2018. Associations of mindfulness with depressive symptoms and well-being in older adults: the moderating role of neuroticism, Aging & Mental Health, DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2017.1423027
Fiocco, A.J. and Meisner, B.A. 2018. Mindful aging: The association between trait mindfulness and expectations regarding aging among middle-aged and older adults. Aging & Mental Health, DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2018.1544216
Foulk, M.A., Dayton, B.I., Kavanagh, J., Robinson, E. and Kales, H.C. 2014. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy With Older Adults: An Exploratory Study. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 57:5, https://doi.org/10.1080/01634372.2013.869787
Frias, C.M.D. and Whyne, E. 2015. Stress on health-related quality of life in older adults: the protective nature of mindfulness. Aging & Mental Health, 19(3): 201-206, DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2014.924090
Goswami, S. 2015.The ugly truth about old age in India. TheHindu,https://www.thehindu.com
Huang, C.Q., Dong, B.R., Lu, Z.C., Yue, J.R. and Liu, Q.X. 2010. Chronic diseases and risk for depression in old age: A meta-analysis of published literature. Ageing Research Reviews, 9(2), ISSN 1568-1637.
Kabat-Zinn, J. 2003. Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10: 144–156.
Kabat-Zinn, J. 2005. Coming to Our Senses: Healing Ourselves and the World through Mindfulness. Hyperion, New York.
Karim, S. and Tiwari, R. 1986. Manual for Depression scale. Agra Psychological Research Cell, Agra,: 1-10.
Kennedy, G.J. 1996. The epidemiology of late-life depression. In: Kennedy G. J, editor. Suicide and depression in late life: Critical issues in treatment, research and public policy. New York: John Wiley and Sons; 23–37.
Penninx, B.W., Guralnik, J.M., Ferrucci, L., Simonsick, E.M., Deeg, D.J. and Wallace, R.B. 1998. Depressive symptoms and physical decline in community-dwelling older persons. Journal of the American Medical Association, 127:1720–1726.
Prakash, R.S., Whitmoyer, P., Aldao, A. and Schirda, B. 2017.Mindfulness and emotion regulation in older and young adults. Aging & Mental Health, 21(1): 77-87, DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2015.1100158
Prince, M.J., Harwood, R.H., Blizard, R.A., Thomas, A. and Mann, A.H. 1997. Social support deficits, loneliness and life events as risk factors for depression in old age.The Gospel Oak Project VI. Psychological Medicine, 27(2).
Shorey, R.C., Brasfield, H., Anderson, S. and Stuart, G.L. 2014. Mindfulness deficits in a sample of substance abuse treatment seeking adults: a descriptive investigation. Journal of Substance Use, 19:1-2, https://doi.org/10.3109/14659891.2013.770570
Singh, A. and Misra, N. 2009. Loneliness, depression and sociability in old age. Industrial psychiatry journal, 18(1): 51–55. doi:10.4103/0972-6748.57861
Snowdon, J. 2001. Is Depression More Prevalent in Old Age? Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 35(6): 782–787.
Speck, C.E., Kukull, W.A., Brenner, D.E., Bowen, J.D., McCormick, W.C., Teri, W.C., Pfanschmidt, M.L., Thompson, J.D. and Larson, E.B. 1995. History of depression as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. Epidemiology,6: 366–369.
Stek, M.L.,Vinkers, D.J.,Gussekloo, J.,Beekman, A.T.F., Van der Mast, R.C. and Westendorp, R.G.J. 2005. Is Depression in Old Age Fatal Only When People Feel Lonely? American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(1): 178-180.
Stevens, H.H., Singer, J. and Chong, A. 2018. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy with Older Adults: A Qualitative Review of Randomized Controlled Outcome Research. Clinical Gerontologist, https://doi.org/10.1080/07317115.2018.1518282
Thanissaro, B. 1996. Wings to awakening: an anthology from the Pali Canon. Barre.Dhamma Dana Publications.
Wulsin, L.R., Vaillant, G.E. and Wells, V.E. 1999. A systematic review of the mortality of depression. Psychosomatic Medicine, 161: 6–17.