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Abstract
Wool has been a precious raw material for people for a long time. Today we are able to select between a huge variety of fibres with varying properties, but the continuing use of wool – in spite of the competition with other natural fibres and new synthetic fibres can be attributed to the unique properties of wool such as good thermal regulation, high moisture absorption, low creasing tendency, low flammability and high wearing comfort. However a big disadvantage, which emerges during washing, is the felting tendency. Felting is an undesirable feature of woolen clothes which occurs as a result of the directionally dependent frictional coefficient of the wool fibers. To reduce felting, this directional dependency must be reduced. Nowadays, this is done by treating the wool in a chlorine-containing solution and due to its various advantages; the chlorination is the most frequently used process in the industry today. This process, though effective, results in the production of polluted wastewaters containing large quantities of chloro-organic compounds. Therefore, this procedure has to be replaced and develop clean technologies such as enzymatic finishing processes. Enzymes are natural protein molecules that act as highly efficient catalysts in biochemical reactions. Enzymes not only work efficiently and rapidly, but they are also biodegradable. The present study was undertaken to find the effect of Protease enzyme treatment on wool fabric and the effect of enzymatic degumming on dye ability of wool fabric. The control, scoured and enzyme treated samples were tested for various physical and colorfastness properties. Untreated wool fiber showed fair handle, no absorbency, rough and sharp scales on the surface of fiber, but after enzyme treatment wool fabric showed improvement in all the physical and colorfastness properties. With the single-step enzymatic treatment process, the scales of the wool were partially degraded and resulted in smoother surface structure which will facilitate the sliding of wool fibres in both directions and decrease felting tendency that way.
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References
- AATCC Technical Manual 2010. Technical Manual of the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists. Research Triangle Park, N.C., USA
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- http://www.astm.org/Standards/textile-standards.htm
References
AATCC Technical Manual 2010. Technical Manual of the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists. Research Triangle Park, N.C., USA
ASTM. 2012. American Society for Testing and Materials, Pennsylvania, United States.
Angappan, P. and Gopalkrishhnan. R. 1993. Textile Testing.3rd. Tamil Nadu. S.S.M.I.T.T. Students Co-op. Stores Ltd.: 485.
Bureau of Indian Standards 2010. Bureau of Indian standards Publication, ManakBhawan, New Delhi.
Dantyagi, S. 2006. Fundamentals of Textiles and their care, Orient Langman Ltd., New Delhi. 5th: 154-161.
Ramin, M. and Montazer, A. 2010. Influence of Proteases and Trans-gluminases on wool. Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe. 2(79): 98-102.
Shenai, V. A. 1984. Technology of Textile Processing: Technology of Dyeing. 6th ed. Bombay, Sevak Publication: 490.
Silva, C. J. S. M. and Cavaco-Paulo, A. 2003.Treatment of animal hair fibers with modified proteases. Patent WO03097927.
Udakhe, J., Tyagi S., Srivastava N., Honade S. and Bhute A. 2012. Effect of yarn hairiness, DBD plasma and enzyme treatment on itching propensity of woollen knitwear.Colourage, 59(5): 46-51.