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Abstract
Rice is grown throughout the year in India, in a variety of agro-climatic conditions, and it is grown on 43.39 million hectares with a production of 159.20 MT with an average productivity of 3623 kg/ha. Aerobically produced rice may be an option for farmers on rainfed areas where rainfall is not sufficient or availability of water is rare and expensive too for flooded rice production but enough for cultivation of upland rice. The field experiment took place at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India, during the kharif season of 2020. The experiment was done by using Randomized Block Design with three replications. The findings of the experiments revealed a considerable rise in the growth parameter viz., plant height (46.0 cm), total tillers/m2 (564.3), plant dry matter accumulation (1938.0 g/m2), leaf area index (19.07) and crop growth rate (49.47 g/m2/day) and yield attributing parameters viz., effective tillers/m2 (362.3), weight of panicle/m2 (856.9), number of filled grain/panicle (115.7), grain yield ( 4.7 t/ha), test weight (28.9 g), straw yield (11.3 t/ha) with foliar application of 7.5 percent Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed sap four times, plus RDF and two foliar applications of 10% K-sap yielded the greatest harvest index (32.7%).
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References
- Abetz, P. (1980). Seaweed extracts: have they a place in Australian agriculture or horticulture?. Journal of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science, 46(1), 23-29.
- Aitken, J. B., & Senn, T. L. (1965). Seaweed products for horticulture crops. Botanica Marina, 8, 144-148. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1965.8.1.144
- Beckett, R. P., & Staden, J. (1990). The effect of seaweed concentrate on the yield of nutrient stressed wheat. Botanica Marina, 33, 147-152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1990.33.2.147
- Kahani, F., & Hittalmani, S. (2015). Genetic analysis and traits association in F2 intervarietal populations in rice under aerobic condition. J Rice Res, 3, 152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4338.1000152
- Mead, R., Curnow, R. N., & Hasted, A. M. (2017). Statistical methods in agriculture and experimental biology. Chapman and Hall/CRC.
- Mooney, P. A., & Van Staden, J. (1986). Algae and cytokinins. Journal of Plant Physiology, 1-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-1617(86)80061-X
- Patier, P., Yvin, J. C., Kloareg, B., Liénart, Y., & Rochas, C. (1993). Seaweed liquid fertilizer from Ascophyllum nodosum contains elicitors of plant D-glycanases. Journal of Applied Phycology, 5(3), 343-349. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02186237
- Pramanick, B., Brahmachari, K., Mahapatra, B. S., Ghosh, A., Ghosh, D., & Kar, S. (2017). Growth, yield and quality improvement of potato tubers through the application of seaweed sap derived from the marine alga Kappaphycus alvarezii. Journal of Applied Phycology, 29(6), 3253-3260. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-017-1189-0
- Shah, M. T., Zodape, S. T., Chaudhary, D. R., Eswaran, K., & Chikara, J. (2012). Seaweed saps as an alternative liquid fertilizer for yield and quality improvement of wheat. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 36:192-200.
- Shah, M. T., Zodape, S. T., Chaudhary, D. R., Eswaran, K., & Chikara, J. (2013). Seaweed sap as an alternative liquid fertilizer for yield and quality improvement of wheat. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 36(2), 192-200. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2012.737886
- Singh, S K., Thakur, R., Singh, C.S., Pal, S.K. & Singh, A.K. (2018). Studies on Efficacy of Seaweed Extract and Fertility Levels on Growth and Economics of Rice. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7, 3056-3065.
- Singh, S. (2016). Efficacy of Seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) Sap on Growth and Productivity of Wheat (Doctoral dissertation, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand).
- Singh, S., Singh, M. K., Pal, S. K., Perween, S., Kumari, J., Zodape, S. T., & Ghosh, A. (2015). Seaweed sap as productivity booster of maize. The Bioscan, 10(3), 1303-1305.
- Singh, S., Singh, M. K., Pal, S. K., Trivedi, K., Yesuraj, D., Singh, C. S., & Ghosh, A. (2015). Sustainable enhancement in yield and quality of rain-fed maize through Gracilaria edulis and Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed sap. Journal of Applied Phycology, 28(3), 2099-2112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-015-0680-8
- Singh, S., Singh, M. K., Singh, A. K., & Singh, C. C. (2015). Application of Seaweed Sap (Kappaphycus alvarezii and Gracilaria edulis) for Higher Productivity of Maize (Zea mays L.). Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 6(1), 232-234.
- Sunarpi, S., Jupri, A., Kurnianingsih, R., Julisaniah, N. I., & Nikmatullah, A. (2010). Effect of seaweed extracts on growth and yield of rice plants. Bioscience, 2(2), 73-77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n020204
- Tuong, T. P. & Bouman, B. A. M. (2003). Rice Production in Water-scarce Environments. International Rice Research Institute, 53-67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851996691.0053
References
Abetz, P. (1980). Seaweed extracts: have they a place in Australian agriculture or horticulture?. Journal of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science, 46(1), 23-29.
Aitken, J. B., & Senn, T. L. (1965). Seaweed products for horticulture crops. Botanica Marina, 8, 144-148. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1965.8.1.144
Beckett, R. P., & Staden, J. (1990). The effect of seaweed concentrate on the yield of nutrient stressed wheat. Botanica Marina, 33, 147-152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1990.33.2.147
Kahani, F., & Hittalmani, S. (2015). Genetic analysis and traits association in F2 intervarietal populations in rice under aerobic condition. J Rice Res, 3, 152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4338.1000152
Mead, R., Curnow, R. N., & Hasted, A. M. (2017). Statistical methods in agriculture and experimental biology. Chapman and Hall/CRC.
Mooney, P. A., & Van Staden, J. (1986). Algae and cytokinins. Journal of Plant Physiology, 1-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-1617(86)80061-X
Patier, P., Yvin, J. C., Kloareg, B., Liénart, Y., & Rochas, C. (1993). Seaweed liquid fertilizer from Ascophyllum nodosum contains elicitors of plant D-glycanases. Journal of Applied Phycology, 5(3), 343-349. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02186237
Pramanick, B., Brahmachari, K., Mahapatra, B. S., Ghosh, A., Ghosh, D., & Kar, S. (2017). Growth, yield and quality improvement of potato tubers through the application of seaweed sap derived from the marine alga Kappaphycus alvarezii. Journal of Applied Phycology, 29(6), 3253-3260. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-017-1189-0
Shah, M. T., Zodape, S. T., Chaudhary, D. R., Eswaran, K., & Chikara, J. (2012). Seaweed saps as an alternative liquid fertilizer for yield and quality improvement of wheat. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 36:192-200.
Shah, M. T., Zodape, S. T., Chaudhary, D. R., Eswaran, K., & Chikara, J. (2013). Seaweed sap as an alternative liquid fertilizer for yield and quality improvement of wheat. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 36(2), 192-200. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2012.737886
Singh, S K., Thakur, R., Singh, C.S., Pal, S.K. & Singh, A.K. (2018). Studies on Efficacy of Seaweed Extract and Fertility Levels on Growth and Economics of Rice. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7, 3056-3065.
Singh, S. (2016). Efficacy of Seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) Sap on Growth and Productivity of Wheat (Doctoral dissertation, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand).
Singh, S., Singh, M. K., Pal, S. K., Perween, S., Kumari, J., Zodape, S. T., & Ghosh, A. (2015). Seaweed sap as productivity booster of maize. The Bioscan, 10(3), 1303-1305.
Singh, S., Singh, M. K., Pal, S. K., Trivedi, K., Yesuraj, D., Singh, C. S., & Ghosh, A. (2015). Sustainable enhancement in yield and quality of rain-fed maize through Gracilaria edulis and Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed sap. Journal of Applied Phycology, 28(3), 2099-2112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-015-0680-8
Singh, S., Singh, M. K., Singh, A. K., & Singh, C. C. (2015). Application of Seaweed Sap (Kappaphycus alvarezii and Gracilaria edulis) for Higher Productivity of Maize (Zea mays L.). Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 6(1), 232-234.
Sunarpi, S., Jupri, A., Kurnianingsih, R., Julisaniah, N. I., & Nikmatullah, A. (2010). Effect of seaweed extracts on growth and yield of rice plants. Bioscience, 2(2), 73-77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n020204
Tuong, T. P. & Bouman, B. A. M. (2003). Rice Production in Water-scarce Environments. International Rice Research Institute, 53-67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851996691.0053